Recent advances in the generation of well characterized sub-femtosecond laser pulses have opened up unprecedented opportunities for the real-time observation of electronic dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. Such attosecond chronoscopy allows a novel look at a wide range of fundamental photophysical and photochemical processes in the time domain, including Auger and autoionization processes, photoemission from atoms, molecules, and surfaces, complementing conventional energy-domain spectroscopy. I will discuss a few prototypical examples for recent progress in unraveling dynamics on ultrafast time scales.